The large Military Cemetery was founded at the Olsany Cemeteries as the honorary burial ground of those who gave their lives for the freedom of the Czech nation. During the First World War, members of the Austrian army who died of war injuries were buried here and after a few decades, soldiers from the Second World War were buried alongside them. These are buried either in the British military cemetery or the honorary burial ground of Soviet soldiers.

Altogether, 264 soldiers are buried in the British Military Cemetery, the majority of which - 188 graves - were members of the ground forces captured by the Germans who died in prisoner-of-war camps. The cemetery also holds the graves of 39 airmen who died in the area during the period of November 1 - 3, 1944 while they were supplying weapons and material to the Warsaw Uprising. Besides the 198 British graves here are those of Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, South Africans, Poles, and one Indian. In the middle of the cemetery is a large cross, not with a figure of Christ, but a sword, which is supposed to symbolize the preservation of the freedom of nations through battle, suffering, and death. At the entrance gate of this military cemetery, which of course wasn't spoken about before 1989, is an inscription: "The land on which this cemetery stands is the gift of the people of Czechoslovakia for the perpetual resting place of the sailors, soldiers, and airmen who are honoured here."

The Honorary Burial Ground of Soviet Soldiers arose gradually after 1945, when the remains of soldiers who had fallen in battle outside Prague were transferred to the city graveyard. In the middle of the cemetery is a monument with statues of two soldiers, each of which stands as if he is guarding half of the cemetery. In front of the monumentis another large monument, built in the shape of a five-pointed star, hammer and sickle, which is dedicated to General Major of the Guards Kozyrov, hero of the USSR.

This graveyard holds the remains of 436 Soviet soldiers, among them soldiers of the First Ukranian Front under Generals Jeremenko, Rybalko and other commanders, who liberated Prague under the command of Marshall Konjev. However, the graveyard also contains the graves of fighters from the Prague Uprising as well as members of the First Czechoslovak Army Corps in the USSR who died after the war as a result of wounds suffered during the liberation of Czechoslovakia. Further on is the cemetery of the Bulgarian soldiers who were killed in the liberation of Prague in May 1945.

There is also a Russian chapel at the cemetery, which was built in 1924-25 thanks primarily to the first Chairman of the Czechoslovakian government from 1918, Karel Kramar, and his wife, a Russian noblewoman named Nadezda Nikolaievna. Surrounding the chapel is a Russian Orthodox cenmetery and burial ground of soldiers from Vlasov's army who died in the liberation of Prague.

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